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	<title>Comments for ESP or Superstition?</title>
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	<description>A Guide To The Inner Mind And Control Of Psychic Intuition</description>
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		<title>Comment on Negative A &amp; Tymon &#8211; Extrasensory Perception by MrTerrorFaced</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_videos/20100312705.html/comment-page-1#comment-910</link>
		<dc:creator>MrTerrorFaced</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 19:15:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_videos/20100312705.html#comment-910</guid>
		<description>Tuuuuuuuuuune!!!!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Tuuuuuuuuuune!!!!</p>
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		<title>Comment on Do you believe this governor and other crooked florida state official the super natural exist? by Will</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100312704.html/comment-page-1#comment-909</link>
		<dc:creator>Will</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 11:17:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100312704.html#comment-909</guid>
		<description>You&#039;re either doing a very good imitation of a troll, or you are one of the most inarticulate people I&#039;ve ever encountered. Please learn how to S.P.E.L.L.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You&#8217;re either doing a very good imitation of a troll, or you are one of the most inarticulate people I&#8217;ve ever encountered. Please learn how to S.P.E.L.L.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Is this an ok sentence? Any suggestions on others? by S.Y.</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311703.html/comment-page-1#comment-908</link>
		<dc:creator>S.Y.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:42:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311703.html#comment-908</guid>
		<description>If you&#039;re writing a persuasive paper, you may not want to leave the question open to the reader (unless that is your intent). Here are some suggestions, in question form:

Don&#039;t we all have a sense of wonder towards the unknown?
Aren&#039;t we all curious of the unknown?
Don&#039;t we all want to know what lies within the unknown?

Don&#039;t add &#039;to us&#039; at the end; it becomes too wordy, and I think the readers will understand what you mean without it.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If you&#8217;re writing a persuasive paper, you may not want to leave the question open to the reader (unless that is your intent). Here are some suggestions, in question form:</p>
<p>Don&#8217;t we all have a sense of wonder towards the unknown?<br />
Aren&#8217;t we all curious of the unknown?<br />
Don&#8217;t we all want to know what lies within the unknown?</p>
<p>Don&#8217;t add &#8216;to us&#8217; at the end; it becomes too wordy, and I think the readers will understand what you mean without it.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Is this an ok sentence? Any suggestions on others? by Gina M</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311703.html/comment-page-1#comment-907</link>
		<dc:creator>Gina M</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:34:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311703.html#comment-907</guid>
		<description>A more correct sentence would be: &quot;Don&#039;t we all have a sense of wonder towards the unknown?&quot; or &quot;Doesn&#039;t humanity as a whole tend to feel a sense of wonder towards that which is unknown to man?&quot;  The first one is adequate for a personal response, or a position paper.  However, once you get into the critical analytical essay, it is inadvisable to use words like &quot;I, we, us, my, etc&quot;.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A more correct sentence would be: &#8220;Don&#8217;t we all have a sense of wonder towards the unknown?&#8221; or &#8220;Doesn&#8217;t humanity as a whole tend to feel a sense of wonder towards that which is unknown to man?&#8221;  The first one is adequate for a personal response, or a position paper.  However, once you get into the critical analytical essay, it is inadvisable to use words like &#8220;I, we, us, my, etc&#8221;.</p>
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		<title>Comment on are you familiar with extra sensory perception(esp)? by Alive</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html/comment-page-1#comment-906</link>
		<dc:creator>Alive</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 12:25:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html#comment-906</guid>
		<description>1.Yn there is some familiarity with esp
2.proof began with my soul
3.it is like a radar that radiates from the cosmic forces
4.approximately 4 people, all dogs and 5 cats (not kidding)
5.I HAVE witnessed esp, especially in my parents and then...
6....I left home and learned to do it by myself.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1.Yn there is some familiarity with esp<br />
2.proof began with my soul<br />
3.it is like a radar that radiates from the cosmic forces<br />
4.approximately 4 people, all dogs and 5 cats (not kidding)<br />
5.I HAVE witnessed esp, especially in my parents and then&#8230;<br />
6&#8230;.I left home and learned to do it by myself.</p>
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		<title>Comment on are you familiar with extra sensory perception(esp)? by dragnfly42@ameritech.net</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html/comment-page-1#comment-905</link>
		<dc:creator>dragnfly42@ameritech.net</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 12:00:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html#comment-905</guid>
		<description>1. Yes
2. Yes, because research and personal experience demonstrates its existence [see reference sources]
3.Check out the below sites...this question would use up too much space
4. Yes
5. Yes, while at two different research centers read the books recommended for your answers
6. Absolutely: read Ingo Swann&#039;s book &quot;Everybodys Guide to Natural ESP&quot; also check out websites below
Good luck on your report

Targ &amp; Puthoff &quot;Mind- Reach&quot; tells it all  great book from valid researchers</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1. Yes<br />
2. Yes, because research and personal experience demonstrates its existence [see reference sources]<br />
3.Check out the below sites&#8230;this question would use up too much space<br />
4. Yes<br />
5. Yes, while at two different research centers read the books recommended for your answers<br />
6. Absolutely: read Ingo Swann&#8217;s book &#8220;Everybodys Guide to Natural ESP&#8221; also check out websites below<br />
Good luck on your report</p>
<p>Targ &#038; Puthoff &#8220;Mind- Reach&#8221; tells it all  great book from valid researchers</p>
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		<title>Comment on are you familiar with extra sensory perception(esp)? by indigo99mama</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html/comment-page-1#comment-904</link>
		<dc:creator>indigo99mama</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 11:19:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html#comment-904</guid>
		<description>question 1 yes
question 2 yes had many things happen over and over
question 3 its like playing tennis some people are good and other people are better at it but the more practice you get the better you will be
question 4 yes  many people
question 5   yes its called a 6th sense it is that voice that tells you to do something
question 6  yes it is a muscle that has to get used</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>question 1 yes<br />
question 2 yes had many things happen over and over<br />
question 3 its like playing tennis some people are good and other people are better at it but the more practice you get the better you will be<br />
question 4 yes  many people<br />
question 5   yes its called a 6th sense it is that voice that tells you to do something<br />
question 6  yes it is a muscle that has to get used</p>
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		<title>Comment on are you familiar with extra sensory perception(esp)? by Zach Y.</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html/comment-page-1#comment-903</link>
		<dc:creator>Zach Y.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 10:28:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html#comment-903</guid>
		<description>1. Yes
2 Yes, i have experienced it.
3 ESP is an event that does not use any of the basic 5 senses, but a sixth, and is unexplainable by science.
4. Me, myself, and I.
5 yes. I have had &quot;Extreme&quot; de ja vu, and precognition many times. Every time i realise this was what i ha seen, i have a mental meltdown, and fall down to the ground, on all fours, unable to get up for about 2 min.
6. Possibly under controlled circumstances, with help of another &quot;psycic</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1. Yes<br />
2 Yes, i have experienced it.<br />
3 ESP is an event that does not use any of the basic 5 senses, but a sixth, and is unexplainable by science.<br />
4. Me, myself, and I.<br />
5 yes. I have had &#8220;Extreme&#8221; de ja vu, and precognition many times. Every time i realise this was what i ha seen, i have a mental meltdown, and fall down to the ground, on all fours, unable to get up for about 2 min.<br />
6. Possibly under controlled circumstances, with help of another &#8220;psycic</p>
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		<title>Comment on are you familiar with extra sensory perception(esp)? by mark r</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html/comment-page-1#comment-902</link>
		<dc:creator>mark r</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 09:58:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html#comment-902</guid>
		<description>1 Yes
2 I think it exists because I have experienced it.
3 4 5 I know the day my Mother died, her spirit visited me and said goodbye.  Two minutes later I got a phone call from the hospital.  I have also moved objects (coats and groceries from store shelves yards away) under extreme emotional conditions. 
   I know when my brother and I had a major dispute, my father&#039;s spirit visited our home while he was alive.

6 Anyone could devleop esp under the correct conditions.  I believe that until esp is recognized and accepted, not very many people will be ready to cultivate it.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1 Yes<br />
2 I think it exists because I have experienced it.<br />
3 4 5 I know the day my Mother died, her spirit visited me and said goodbye.  Two minutes later I got a phone call from the hospital.  I have also moved objects (coats and groceries from store shelves yards away) under extreme emotional conditions.<br />
   I know when my brother and I had a major dispute, my father&#8217;s spirit visited our home while he was alive.</p>
<p>6 Anyone could devleop esp under the correct conditions.  I believe that until esp is recognized and accepted, not very many people will be ready to cultivate it.</p>
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		<title>Comment on are you familiar with extra sensory perception(esp)? by Incognito</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html/comment-page-1#comment-901</link>
		<dc:creator>Incognito</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 09:49:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html#comment-901</guid>
		<description>1) Yes.
2) Yes, I had an experience that left me no choice.
3) I don&#039;t see it as an ability.
4) I don&#039;t think people &quot;have it&quot;. I think it happens to people.
5) One time I had what might be called a vision. It was very intense, clear, accurate and left no doubt.
6) No.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1) Yes.<br />
2) Yes, I had an experience that left me no choice.<br />
3) I don&#8217;t see it as an ability.<br />
4) I don&#8217;t think people &#8220;have it&#8221;. I think it happens to people.<br />
5) One time I had what might be called a vision. It was very intense, clear, accurate and left no doubt.<br />
6) No.</p>
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		<title>Comment on are you familiar with extra sensory perception(esp)? by Tukmyhamster</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html/comment-page-1#comment-900</link>
		<dc:creator>Tukmyhamster</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 09:27:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html#comment-900</guid>
		<description>1. No
2. No, it never works when tested under controlled conditions. And there is no mechanism by which thoughts could travel from one brain to another.
3. I know it doesn&#039;t work
4. No one has it
5. No
6. No

Age and income - make something up :)

I hope you are also doing your survey some places other than Yahoo Answers or your results are going to be seriously skewed.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1. No<br />
2. No, it never works when tested under controlled conditions. And there is no mechanism by which thoughts could travel from one brain to another.<br />
3. I know it doesn&#8217;t work<br />
4. No one has it<br />
5. No<br />
6. No</p>
<p>Age and income &#8211; make something up <img src='http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>I hope you are also doing your survey some places other than Yahoo Answers or your results are going to be seriously skewed.</p>
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		<title>Comment on are you familiar with extra sensory perception(esp)? by Deenie</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html/comment-page-1#comment-899</link>
		<dc:creator>Deenie</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 08:41:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html#comment-899</guid>
		<description>Yes to all of them except maybe the last one. I think it just happens. At least that&#039;s how it happened to me. One day I didn&#039;t have it ..that I noticed...then all of a sudden it was like the sky opened up. Now I try to stay away from it because I got into it too much. My life kinda revolved around it and I got mislead.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yes to all of them except maybe the last one. I think it just happens. At least that&#8217;s how it happened to me. One day I didn&#8217;t have it ..that I noticed&#8230;then all of a sudden it was like the sky opened up. Now I try to stay away from it because I got into it too much. My life kinda revolved around it and I got mislead.</p>
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		<title>Comment on are you familiar with extra sensory perception(esp)? by am529</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html/comment-page-1#comment-898</link>
		<dc:creator>am529</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 08:38:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100311700.html#comment-898</guid>
		<description>Question 1 - yes
question 2 - yes, because I&#039;ve experienced precognition before.
question 3 - that it enables you to discern things that would not be possible using the five basic senses
question 4 - Anyone who pays attention to my status updates on Facebook might, but everyone I know is a skeptic
question 5 - There have been several times in the past that I have foreseen future events while in a trance-like state. I was pretty skeptical at first until things started happening exactly as I had seen them.
question 6 - I guess it&#039;s possible, I&#039;m not sure how though.

My age is 20, I have a high school degree, and I am currently unemployed.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Question 1 &#8211; yes<br />
question 2 &#8211; yes, because I&#8217;ve experienced precognition before.<br />
question 3 &#8211; that it enables you to discern things that would not be possible using the five basic senses<br />
question 4 &#8211; Anyone who pays attention to my status updates on Facebook might, but everyone I know is a skeptic<br />
question 5 &#8211; There have been several times in the past that I have foreseen future events while in a trance-like state. I was pretty skeptical at first until things started happening exactly as I had seen them.<br />
question 6 &#8211; I guess it&#8217;s possible, I&#8217;m not sure how though.</p>
<p>My age is 20, I have a high school degree, and I am currently unemployed.</p>
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		<title>Comment on What are some websites that prove or disprove that ESP exists? by Reiki Chick</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100310698.html/comment-page-1#comment-897</link>
		<dc:creator>Reiki Chick</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Mar 2010 21:13:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100310698.html#comment-897</guid>
		<description>As far as I know, ESP has never been solidly proven or disproven. However, there has been some interesting research done on this subject.  Here are a few websites that you might want to check out to learn more about ESP research. It includes info of Government, clinical and universities research.
To learn more about any one of them, I would recommend contacting the institution directly as they have probably released papers on the subject.

http://www.mindspring.com/~txporter/
http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/21557
http://paranormal.lovetoknow.com/ESP_Experiments
www.espresearch.com/espgeneral/doc-SpeedOfThought.pdf
http://neurocritic.blogspot.com/2008/01/trends-in-esp-research.html

I hope that helps. :)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As far as I know, ESP has never been solidly proven or disproven. However, there has been some interesting research done on this subject.  Here are a few websites that you might want to check out to learn more about ESP research. It includes info of Government, clinical and universities research.<br />
To learn more about any one of them, I would recommend contacting the institution directly as they have probably released papers on the subject.</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/goto/http://www.mindspring.com/~txporter/"  rel="nofollow">http://www.mindspring.com/~txporter/</a><br />
<a rel="nofollow" href="http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/goto/http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/21557"  rel="nofollow">http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/21557</a><br />
<a rel="nofollow" href="http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/goto/http://paranormal.lovetoknow.com/ESP_Experiments"  rel="nofollow">http://paranormal.lovetoknow.com/ESP_Experiments</a><br />
<a rel="nofollow" href="http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/goto/http://www.espresearch.com/espgeneral/doc-SpeedOfThought.pdf"  rel="nofollow">http://www.espresearch.com/espgeneral/doc-SpeedOfThought.pdf</a><br />
<a rel="nofollow" href="http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/goto/http://neurocritic.blogspot.com/2008/01/trends-in-esp-research.html"  rel="nofollow">http://neurocritic.blogspot.com/2008/01/trends-in-esp-research.html</a></p>
<p>I hope that helps. <img src='http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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		<title>Comment on What are some websites that prove or disprove that ESP exists? by Tom E</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100310698.html/comment-page-1#comment-896</link>
		<dc:creator>Tom E</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Mar 2010 20:14:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100310698.html#comment-896</guid>
		<description>There&#039;s no proof either way, but believers on either side will talk as if there is. Don&#039;t be fooled. Paranormal happens, it can&#039;t be pinned down with proof, which is exactly why it&#039;s paranormal!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There&#8217;s no proof either way, but believers on either side will talk as if there is. Don&#8217;t be fooled. Paranormal happens, it can&#8217;t be pinned down with proof, which is exactly why it&#8217;s paranormal!</p>
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		<title>Comment on Unit 700 &#8211; Extrasensory Perception by cajjer</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_videos/20100310696.html/comment-page-1#comment-895</link>
		<dc:creator>cajjer</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Mar 2010 17:06:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_videos/20100310696.html#comment-895</guid>
		<description>What a tune 

Total killer acid</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What a tune </p>
<p>Total killer acid</p>
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		<title>Comment on Use the normal distribution to approximate the desired probability? by Merlyn</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100310695.html/comment-page-1#comment-894</link>
		<dc:creator>Merlyn</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Mar 2010 07:59:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100310695.html#comment-894</guid>
		<description>To use the normal approximation to the binomial you must first validate that you have more than 10 expected successes and 10 expected failures.  In other words, you need to have n * p &gt; 10 and n * (1-p) &gt; 10.  Some authors will note the validation to be 5 expected success and 5 expected failures.  I prefer this more conservative validation.

In this case you have: 
n * p = 20 * 0.5 = 10 expected success 
n * (1 - p) = 20 * 0.5 = 10 expected failures

We do not have a large enough expected value of success and failures to use this approximation.  I will go ahead and do the work here to show you how it should be done.

If X ~ Binomial(n, p) then we can approximate probabilities using the normal distribution where Xn is normal with mean ? = n * p, variance ?² = n * p * (1-p), and standard deviation ? 
 
X ~ Binomial(n = 20 , p = 0.5 ) 
Xn ~ Normal( ? = 10 ,  ?² = 5 ) 
Xn ~ Normal( ? = 10 ,  ? = 2.236068 ) 

I have noted two different notations for the Normal distribution, one using the variance and one using the standard deviation.  In most textbooks and in most of the literature, the parameters used to denote the Normal distribution are the mean and the variance.  In most software programs, the standard notation is to use the mean and the standard deviation. 

The probabilities are approximated using a continuity correction.  We need to use a continuity correction because we are estimating discrete probabilities with a continuous distribution.  The best way to make sure you use the correct continuity correction is to draw out a small histogram of the binomial distribution and shade in the values you need.  The continuity correction accounts for the area of the boxes that would be missing or would be extra under the normal curve. 

P( X &lt; x) ? P( Xn &lt; (x - 0.5) )
P( X &gt; x) ? P( Xn &gt; (x + 0.5) )
P( X ? x) ? P( Xn ? (x + 0.5) )
P( X ? x) ? P( Xn ? (x - 0.5) )
P( X = x) ? P( (x - 0.5) &lt; Xn &lt; (x + 0.5) )
P( a ? X ? b ) ? P( (a - 0.5) &lt; Xn &lt; (b + 0.5) )
P( a ? X &lt; b ) ? P( (a - 0.5) &lt; Xn &lt; (b - 0.5) )
P( a &lt; X ? b ) ? P( (a + 0.5) &lt; Xn &lt; (b + 0.5) )
P( a &lt; X &lt; b ) ? P( (a + 0.5) &lt; Xn &lt; (b - 0.5) )

In the work that follows X has the binomial distribution, Xn has the normal distribution and Z has the standard normal distribution.

Remember that for any normal random variable Xn, you can transform it into standard units via: Z = (Xn - ? ) / ?

P( X ? 16 ) = 
 
 20 
 ? P(X = x) = 0.005908966 
x = 16 

 ? P( Xn ? 15.5 ) 
= P( Z ? ( 15.5 - 10 ) / 2.236068 ) 
= P( Z ? 2.459675 ) 
= 0.006953148 


the probability that she could be correct on 16 or more tosses by guessing is less than 1%, this supports her claim that she is better at calling the coin toss than random guessing would be.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>To use the normal approximation to the binomial you must first validate that you have more than 10 expected successes and 10 expected failures.  In other words, you need to have n * p > 10 and n * (1-p) > 10.  Some authors will note the validation to be 5 expected success and 5 expected failures.  I prefer this more conservative validation.</p>
<p>In this case you have:<br />
n * p = 20 * 0.5 = 10 expected success<br />
n * (1 &#8211; p) = 20 * 0.5 = 10 expected failures</p>
<p>We do not have a large enough expected value of success and failures to use this approximation.  I will go ahead and do the work here to show you how it should be done.</p>
<p>If X ~ Binomial(n, p) then we can approximate probabilities using the normal distribution where Xn is normal with mean ? = n * p, variance ?² = n * p * (1-p), and standard deviation ? </p>
<p>X ~ Binomial(n = 20 , p = 0.5 )<br />
Xn ~ Normal( ? = 10 ,  ?² = 5 )<br />
Xn ~ Normal( ? = 10 ,  ? = 2.236068 ) </p>
<p>I have noted two different notations for the Normal distribution, one using the variance and one using the standard deviation.  In most textbooks and in most of the literature, the parameters used to denote the Normal distribution are the mean and the variance.  In most software programs, the standard notation is to use the mean and the standard deviation. </p>
<p>The probabilities are approximated using a continuity correction.  We need to use a continuity correction because we are estimating discrete probabilities with a continuous distribution.  The best way to make sure you use the correct continuity correction is to draw out a small histogram of the binomial distribution and shade in the values you need.  The continuity correction accounts for the area of the boxes that would be missing or would be extra under the normal curve. </p>
<p>P( X < x) ? P( Xn < (x - 0.5) )<br />
P( X > x) ? P( Xn > (x + 0.5) )<br />
P( X ? x) ? P( Xn ? (x + 0.5) )<br />
P( X ? x) ? P( Xn ? (x &#8211; 0.5) )<br />
P( X = x) ? P( (x &#8211; 0.5) < Xn < (x + 0.5) )<br />
P( a ? X ? b ) ? P( (a &#8211; 0.5) < Xn < (b + 0.5) )<br />
P( a ? X < b ) ? P( (a &#8211; 0.5) < Xn < (b &#8211; 0.5) )<br />
P( a < X ? b ) ? P( (a + 0.5) < Xn < (b + 0.5) )<br />
P( a < X < b ) ? P( (a + 0.5) < Xn < (b &#8211; 0.5) )</p>
<p>In the work that follows X has the binomial distribution, Xn has the normal distribution and Z has the standard normal distribution.</p>
<p>Remember that for any normal random variable Xn, you can transform it into standard units via: Z = (Xn &#8211; ? ) / ?</p>
<p>P( X ? 16 ) = </p>
<p> 20<br />
 ? P(X = x) = 0.005908966<br />
x = 16 </p>
<p> ? P( Xn ? 15.5 )<br />
= P( Z ? ( 15.5 &#8211; 10 ) / 2.236068 )<br />
= P( Z ? 2.459675 )<br />
= 0.006953148 </p>
<p>the probability that she could be correct on 16 or more tosses by guessing is less than 1%, this supports her claim that she is better at calling the coin toss than random guessing would be.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Use the normal distribution to approximate the desired probability? by M3</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100310695.html/comment-page-1#comment-893</link>
		<dc:creator>M3</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Mar 2010 07:21:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100310695.html#comment-893</guid>
		<description>since normal approximation specified for use,
np = 20*0.5 = 10
SD = sqrt(npq) = 2.236
&quot;16 or more&quot; becomes 15.5 or more with continuity correction

z-score = [15.5 - 10] / 2.236 = 2.46 to 2 DP

looking up the righ tail for this z-score,
probability of guessing by chance= 0.0069 or 0.69%
--------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------

it SEEMS to verify her claim,
but a much larger sample size
and a &quot;guess probability&quot; of, say, &lt; 1 in a million
is needed to carry any sort of conviction</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>since normal approximation specified for use,<br />
np = 20*0.5 = 10<br />
SD = sqrt(npq) = 2.236<br />
&#8220;16 or more&#8221; becomes 15.5 or more with continuity correction</p>
<p>z-score = [15.5 - 10] / 2.236 = 2.46 to 2 DP</p>
<p>looking up the righ tail for this z-score,<br />
probability of guessing by chance= 0.0069 or 0.69%<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212; &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211; &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-</p>
<p>it SEEMS to verify her claim,<br />
but a much larger sample size<br />
and a &#8220;guess probability&#8221; of, say, < 1 in a million<br />
is needed to carry any sort of conviction</p>
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		<title>Comment on Is my cousin experiencing extrasensory perception? by Aya ~ {Conor's mammy}</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100309692.html/comment-page-1#comment-892</link>
		<dc:creator>Aya ~ {Conor's mammy}</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2010 20:02:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100309692.html#comment-892</guid>
		<description>How about everything else that happened between The Little Mermaid hitting the theatres and the first episode of The Simpsons airing?

I will gladly believe in ESP, but only when it makes sense. And it would make more sense that your cousin experiences strange attractions to anything that happened on that very day. Possibly even at the very time she was born.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>How about everything else that happened between The Little Mermaid hitting the theatres and the first episode of The Simpsons airing?</p>
<p>I will gladly believe in ESP, but only when it makes sense. And it would make more sense that your cousin experiences strange attractions to anything that happened on that very day. Possibly even at the very time she was born.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Is my cousin experiencing extrasensory perception? by Vera</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100309692.html/comment-page-1#comment-891</link>
		<dc:creator>Vera</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2010 19:07:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100309692.html#comment-891</guid>
		<description>really dont knw wat to say? Well i tink people change.......</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>really dont knw wat to say? Well i tink people change&#8230;&#8230;.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Is my cousin experiencing extrasensory perception? by Jared</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100309692.html/comment-page-1#comment-890</link>
		<dc:creator>Jared</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2010 18:41:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100309692.html#comment-890</guid>
		<description>no he isn&#039;t he&#039;s just a little strange.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>no he isn&#8217;t he&#8217;s just a little strange.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Is my cousin experiencing extrasensory perception? by iShotThePilot</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100309692.html/comment-page-1#comment-889</link>
		<dc:creator>iShotThePilot</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2010 18:22:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100309692.html#comment-889</guid>
		<description>Reading into things wayyy too much. Nothing to do with ESP</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Reading into things wayyy too much. Nothing to do with ESP</p>
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		<title>Comment on Atheists do you think premonitions, presentiments and other forms of extrasensory process of perception exist? by Frou Frou</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100309690.html/comment-page-1#comment-888</link>
		<dc:creator>Frou Frou</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2010 11:16:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100309690.html#comment-888</guid>
		<description>yes i belive its possiblethat there are some people that have psychic abilaites of all kinds
it coudl just be our biology, its all very possible, or it coudl be a spiritual issue, or an energy issue</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>yes i belive its possiblethat there are some people that have psychic abilaites of all kinds<br />
it coudl just be our biology, its all very possible, or it coudl be a spiritual issue, or an energy issue</p>
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		<title>Comment on Atheists do you think premonitions, presentiments and other forms of extrasensory process of perception exist? by Frizby</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100309690.html/comment-page-1#comment-887</link>
		<dc:creator>Frizby</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2010 10:41:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100309690.html#comment-887</guid>
		<description>Put it this way atheists would not even accept electricity had it not already been discovered..

Atheists only accepts what science knows anything beyond present science is not accepted in the atheistic world even if it slapped them across the face..

Can you imagine what atheists thought of Charles Darwin when he first published is book on evolution?..

They must have thought it was foolish, now they accept it because they think everything science teaches is the truth..

What they must remember science may never find what the mind can sense and feel..</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Put it this way atheists would not even accept electricity had it not already been discovered..</p>
<p>Atheists only accepts what science knows anything beyond present science is not accepted in the atheistic world even if it slapped them across the face..</p>
<p>Can you imagine what atheists thought of Charles Darwin when he first published is book on evolution?..</p>
<p>They must have thought it was foolish, now they accept it because they think everything science teaches is the truth..</p>
<p>What they must remember science may never find what the mind can sense and feel..</p>
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		<title>Comment on Atheists do you think premonitions, presentiments and other forms of extrasensory process of perception exist? by rowlfe</title>
		<link>http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100309690.html/comment-page-1#comment-886</link>
		<dc:creator>rowlfe</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2010 10:36:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/topic_questions/20100309690.html#comment-886</guid>
		<description>WHOA! Hold your horse! I have absolutely NOTHING to explain! I make NO claims which need any proof. YOU DO. YOU claim these things work! So it is up to YOU to PROVE that they DO, not for me to prove they do NOT. The same applies to your god. I do not claim god does not exist, just that I see nothing to show a god DOES exist. YOU say god exists. All I say is show me. And while you are at it, talk with James Randi at http://www.randi.org and apply for his million dollar prize. He is offering a million dollars to anyone who can show proof that anything supernatural, paranormal or psychic actually works as advertised. So, if these things actually work as you claim, why have you not collected the million? I may be a skeptic, but I am not stupid. The problem with all of you true-believers out there is you make claims which you believe are truth, but are only based on hearsay with no basis in fact.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>WHOA! Hold your horse! I have absolutely NOTHING to explain! I make NO claims which need any proof. YOU DO. YOU claim these things work! So it is up to YOU to PROVE that they DO, not for me to prove they do NOT. The same applies to your god. I do not claim god does not exist, just that I see nothing to show a god DOES exist. YOU say god exists. All I say is show me. And while you are at it, talk with James Randi at <a rel="nofollow" href="http://esp.paranormal-or-superstitions.com/goto/http://www.randi.org"  rel="nofollow">http://www.randi.org</a> and apply for his million dollar prize. He is offering a million dollars to anyone who can show proof that anything supernatural, paranormal or psychic actually works as advertised. So, if these things actually work as you claim, why have you not collected the million? I may be a skeptic, but I am not stupid. The problem with all of you true-believers out there is you make claims which you believe are truth, but are only based on hearsay with no basis in fact.</p>
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